Sedimentary Facies, Architectural Elements, and Depositional Environments of the Maastrichtian Pab Formation in the Rakhi Gorge, Eastern Sulaiman Ranges, Pakistan

An integrated study of sediments was conducted to examine the facies architecture and depositional environment Cretaceous Pab Formation, Rakhi Gorge, Suleiman Ranges, Pakistan. This research focused on analyzing architectural elements facies, which are not commonly studied in sedimentary basins To identify lithofacies, outcrop analysis section measurement were performed. The identified lithofacies then categorized based their characteristics associations, with a total nine types within stratigraphic thickness approximately 480 m. These mainly indicative high-energy environments, although specifics varied by location. Sedimentary structures such as planar trough crossbedding, lamination, nodularity, load-casts, fossil traces found these indicating environments few exceptions calm environments. grouped into seven according environments: delta-dominated elements, including laminated shale sheet (LS), fine sandstone (SF), cross-bedded (SCp), trace (ST), paleosol (Pa); river-dominated (SCt), channel deposit (CH), (Pa). along vertical lateral relationships, indicate transitional fluvio-deltaic Formation. In conclusion, interpreting it is possible gain better understanding history formation distribution reservoir units.